Water pox

Water pox (Varicella, chickenpox) is a contagious viral infection that often arise and cause a skin rash in the form of a collection of small spots, flat or protruding, fluid-filled blisters and scab, that cause itch.

Cause
The reason is the varicella-zoster virus.The virus is transmitted through saliva splash of patients or via objects contaminated by fluids from the skin blisters.

Victims can transmit the disease from onset of symptoms until the last blister has dried. Therefore, to prevent contagion, patients should be isolated (sequestered).

If someone has had chickenpox, she will have immunity and will not be suffering from chicken pox again. But the virus can remain asleep in the human body, and sometimes become active again and cause shingles.

Symptoms and signs.
The symptoms began to occur (incubation period) within 10-21 days after infection. Usually the patient had been infected with the virus for more than 48 hours before symptoms appear.

In children older than 10 years, initial symptoms such as headache, fever, moderate and malaise, decreased appetite. The symptoms are usually not found in children younger people, symptoms are usually more severe in adults.

24-36 hours after initial symptoms, red spots appear flat (macular). Then the spots are prominent (papules), forming fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that feels itchy, which eventually will dry up. This process takes 6-8 hours. Furthermore, the spots will be formed and new blisters.

On the fifth day, usually have no new blisters are formed again, all the blisters will dry on the sixth day and disappear in less than 20 days.

Papules on the face, arms and legs relatively less; usually are found in the upper torso (chest, back, shoulders). The spots often found on the scalp.

Papules in the mouth quickly rupture and form open sores (ulcers), which often causes swallowing disorders. Ulcers can also be found on the eyelids, upper respiratory tract, rectum and vagina.

Papules on the vocal cords and upper respiratory tract sometimes causes respiratory problems.Could happen pembengkaan lymph nodes in the neck side.

Chicken pox rarely causes scarring, if any, only a small indentation around the eyes.
The wound can become infected due to chicken pox is usually caused by scratching and Staphylococcus.

Complication

Children usually recover from chickenpox without any problems. But in adults or people with immune system disorders, infections can be severe or even fatal.

The complications that can be found on chicken pox is:

- Viral Pneumonia
- Inflammation of heart
- Inflammation of the joints
- Inflammation of the liver

- Encephalitis (brain infection)
- Reye's Syndrome
- Purpura
- Bacterial Infection (Erysipelas, Pyoderma, Impetigo pemphigoid).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis based on typical skin rash (macules, papules, vesicles and scab).

Investigations

Leukocyte examination is usually normal mennjukkan results, low, or increased slightly. Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear examination of skin blisters. Positive results of tissue culture.

Treatment

The treatment given is usually in the form of supportive treatment / symptomatic and maintain good hygiene to avoid secondary infection.

At school age children should be resting at home first, in order to prevent the transmission of my friends at school. And may come back if keropengnya already dried up and his fever was down.

Can be used antipyretic drugs to reduce fever, but you should avoid using aspirin, because it can cause Reye's syndrome.

To reduce itching and prevent scratching, the skin should be a cold compress. Can also be applied losyen calamine, antihistamines or other losyen containing menthol or phenol

To reduce the risk of bacterial infection, you should:

- Skin washed as often as possible with soap and water
- Keeping clean hands
- Nails cut short
- Clothes stay dry and clean.

Sometimes given drugs to reduce itching (antihistamines).
If there is a bacterial infection, given antibiotics.
If severe cases, can be given anti-viral drug acyclovir.

Anti-viral drugs may be given to children older than 2 years. Acyclovir usually given to teenagers, because teenagers are more severe disease. Asikloir can reduce the severity of disease if given within 24 hours after wakatu first appearance of the rash.

Alernatif other drugs, namely: famciclovir, valacyclovir, and interferon vidarabin

Prevention

To prevent chicken pox are given a vaccine.

To the people who never get the chicken pox vaccination and are at high risk of complications (eg patients with immune system disorders), can be given immunoglobulin zoster or varicella-zoster immunoglobulin.

Varicella vaccine is usually given to children aged 12-18 months.


http://id.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/pediatrics/2011194-cacar-air-varicella-pada-anak/